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With an estimated population of 4.7 million, the State of Colorado is a state in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. Colorado may also be considered to be a part of the Mountain, Southwestern, and Central regions of the United States. Denver is the capital and the most populous city of Colorado. Citizens of Colorado are known as Coloradans.
The word "Colorado" was selected by Congress in 1861 as the name for the Colorado Territory that is today a state. The name has its origins in the Spanish language, where it is directly translated as "colored red". It is named after the Colorado River (Río Colorado), itself named after its reddish-brown color.
The territory that ultimately became Colorado was added to the United States by the 1803 Louisiana Purchase and the 1848 Mexican Cession.
The Pike's Peak Gold Rush of 1859 brought many settlers to the Denver area. A convention was held to organize the provisional Jefferson Territory, but an official break from the Kansas Territory did not happen until 1861.
The summit of Mount Elbert at 4401 meters (14,440 feet) elevation in Lake County is the state's highest point and the highest point in the entire Rocky Mountains. Colorado has approximately 550 mountain peaks that exceed 4000 meters (13,123 feet) elevation. Colorado is the only U.S. state that lies entirely above 1000 meters (3281 feet) elevation. The state's lowest elevation is 1010 meters (3315 feet) at the point on the eastern boundary of Yuma County where the Arikaree River flows into the State of Kansas.
The bulk of Colorado's population lives along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains in the Front Range Urban Corridor. This region is partially protected from prevailing storms by the high mountains to the west.
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